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Ma, X.-S., Kofler, J., Qarry, A., Tetik, N., Scheidl, T., Ursin, R., Ramelow, S., Herbst, T., Ratschbacher, L., Fedrizzi, A., Jennewein, T. and Zeilinger, A. (2013) Quantum Erasure with Causally Disconnected Choice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 1221-1226.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213201110

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Wave-Particle Duality—Does the Concept of Particle Make Sense in Quantum Mechanics? Should We Ask the Second Quantization?

  AUTHORS: Sofia D. Wechsler

  KEYWORDS: Quantum Mechanics, Wave-Particle Duality, Empty Waves, First Quantization, Second Quantization

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Quantum Information Science, Vol.9 No.3, September 30, 2019

  ABSTRACT: The quantum object is in general considered as displaying both wave and particle nature. By particle is understood an item localized in a very small volume of the space, and which cannot be simultaneously in two disjoint regions of the space. By wave, to the contrary, is understood a distributed item, occupying in some cases two or more disjoint regions of the space. The quantum formalism did not explain until today the so-called “collapse” of the wave-function, i.e. the shrinking of the wave-function to one small region of the space, when a macroscopic object is encountered. This seems to happen in “which-way” experiments. A very appealing explanation for this behavior is the idea of a particle, localized in some limited part of the wave-function. The present article challenges the concept of particle. It proves in the base of a variant of the Tan, Walls and Collett experiment, that this concept leads to a situation in which the particle has to be simultaneously in two places distant from one another—situation that contradicts the very definition of a particle. Another argument is based on a modified version of the Afshar experiment, showing that the concept of particle is problematic. The concept of particle makes additional difficulties when the wave-function passes through fields. An unexpected possibility to solve these difficulties seems to arise from the cavity quantum electrodynamics studies done recently by S. Savasta and his collaborators. It involves virtual particles. One of these studies is briefly described here. Though, experimental results are needed, so that it is too soon to conclude whether it speaks in favor, or against the concept of particle.