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Nunes, V.D., Sawyer, L., Neilson, J., Sarri, G. and Cross, J.H. (2012) Diagnosis and Management of the Epilepsies in Adults and Children: Summary of Updated NICE Guidance. BMJ, 344, e281.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e281

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Sandifer’s Syndrome in a 3-Month-Old Male Infant: A Case Report

  AUTHORS: Ahmed Basal, Ali Aldirawi, Samer Abuzerr

  KEYWORDS: Sandifer Syndrome, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Torticollis, Dystonic Postures

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Pediatrics, Vol.9 No.3, September 18, 2019

  ABSTRACT: Background: Sandifer syndrome (SS) is the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with neurological manifestations (spastic torticollis and paroxysmal dystonic postures with arching of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing. Case presentation: A 3-month-old male infant presented to our emergency department with torticollis and dystonic episodes for two months associated with vomiting. These movements were observed during or just after feeding. Since the patient developed regurgitations with torticollis and dystonic episodes with arching of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing. The electroencephalogram was normal. Barium swallow/meal examination revealed GERD without evidence of hiatus hernia. Apgar scores were 7 at 1 min and 9 at 5 min. Conclusion: Early recognition and treatment of GERD in patients with Sandifer syndrome enhance the success of medical management and contributes to improved quality of life for patients with brain damage. The paroxysmal dystonic behaviors were dramatically disappeared completely after medical management in this patient.