TITLE:
Stroke in Young Adults: Experience at Abakaliki South East Nigeria
AUTHORS:
Chukwuemeka O. Eze, Uma A. Kalu, Godsent C. Isiguzo
KEYWORDS:
Stroke, Young Adults, Risk Factors, Case Fatality Rate
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Neuroscience,
Vol.9 No.4,
September
12,
2019
ABSTRACT: Objectives: Stroke is a major
cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is increasingly common from the
sixth decade, but is particularly tragic when it occurs in young adults. There
are limited studies of stroke in young adults in Nigeria. It is against this background
that we embarked on this prospective hospital based study to determine the
epidemiology, pattern and case fatality rate of stroke in young adults in
Abakaliki Southeastern part of Nigeria. Patients and Method: The stroke
patients between the ages of 18 - 50 years admitted to the medical wards of a tertiary
health centre at Abakaliki Nigeria from 1st August 2012 to 30th April 2019 were
consecutively recruited. They were followed up till discharge. Relevant data
like biodata, and clinical features of the patients were extracted and
analyzed. Results: A total of
983 (males—511, females—472) stroke cases were
seen with 197 between 18 - 50 years. One hundred and fifty two (77%) did neuroimaging (mean age—40.7 years). Eighty-eight
(57.9%) had Cerebral infarct (males—42, females—46) while 64 (42.1%) had Hemorrhagic stroke
(males—35, females—29). For those that had hemorrhagic stroke,
11 (17.2%) were Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) while 52 (82.8%) were
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The identified risk factors range from
hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, alcoholism, cigarette smoking, HIV infection
and chronic use of coffee drinks. Sixteen patients died during the admission
with case fatality rate of 10.5%. Conclusion: Stroke is actually prevalent in young adults as 1 in every 5
stroke patients seen was a young adult. In addition to the traditional risk
factors, HIV/AIDS and chronic use of coffee drinks were also noted as emerging
risk factors. There is need for a continuous health education and strong
campaign on primary stroke prevention. Also, there is need for training of more
neurologists with interest in stroke management and establishing comprehensive
stroke centers at national, regional and local levels in order to contend
adequately with the rising burden of stoke in young adults.