TITLE:
Polyploid Gene Expression and Regulation in Polysomic Polyploids
AUTHORS:
Pham Van Hieu
KEYWORDS:
Polysomic Polyploids, Allelic Interactions, Gene Expression and Regulation, Evolution
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.10 No.8,
August
29,
2019
ABSTRACT: Polyploidization is one of the most crucial pathways
in introducing speciation and broadening biodiversity, especially in the Plant
Kingdom. Although the majority of studies have focused only on allopolyploid or
disomic polyploids, polysomic polyploid species have occurred frequently in
higher plants. Due to the occurrence of the capabilities of more copies of
alleles in a locus which can have additive dosage effects and/or allelic
interactions, polysomic polyploids can lead to unique gene regulations to
silence or adjust the expression level to create variations in organ size,
metabolic products, and abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance,
etc. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the contemporary
understanding and findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of gene expression
as well as gene regulation in natural typed and resynthesized polysomic
polyploid plants. The review investigates the molecular level of phenomena in polysomic polyploid
plants such as 1) typically enlarging organ size and stabilizing meiosis, 2) increasing phytochemical
content and metabolic products, 3)
enhancing the ability to adapt with biotic and abiotic stress, and 4) changing
in gene regulation to silence or adjust the expression levels involve in
sequence elimination, methylation, gene suppression,
subfunctionalization, neo-functionalization, and transposon activation.