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Fujiwara, S., Fukunaga, M., Nakamura, T., Chen, J.T., Shiraki, M., Hashimoto, T., Yoh, K., Nakamura, T., Mizunuma, H., Tomomitsu, T., Kasagi, F., Masunarim, N. and Orimom, H. (1998) Rate of Change in Spinal Bone Density among Japanese Women. Calcified Tissue International, 63, 202-207.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002239900515

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Risk Assessment of Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing for Proximal Humeral Fracture

  AUTHORS: Rina Sakai, Uchino Masataka, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Masanobu Ujihira

  KEYWORDS: Proximal Humeral Fracture, Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing, Anterograde Intramedullary Nailing, Locking Plate, Internal Fixation

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Vol.12 No.5, May 21, 2019

  ABSTRACT: In proximal humeral fracture except AO classification 11A1, fixations with a locking plate and nails are recommended. We performed mechanical tests to investigate whether retrograde intramedullary nailing has fixation stability comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nailing and locking plate which achieve clinically favorable outcomes. In retrograde intramedullary nailing, a nail entry point is made in the diaphysis, for which reduction of stiffness of the humerus is of concern. Thus, we investigated the influence of a nail entry point made in the diaphysis on humeral strength. Retrograde intramedullary nailing had fixation stability against bending and a force loaded in the rotation direction comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nail and locking plate. Displacement by the main external force loaded on the humerus, compressive load, was less than half in the bone fixed by retrograde intramedullary nailing compared with that in the bone fixed with a locking plate, showing favorable fixation stability. It was clarified that stiffness of the humerus against rotation and a load in the compression direction is not reduced by a nail entry point made by retrograde intramedullary nailing.