TITLE:
Extracranial Carotid Atherosclerosis and Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Tertiary Hospital in Burkina Faso
AUTHORS:
Alfred Anselme Dabilgou, Alassane Dravé, Julie Marie Adeline Kyelem, Hassan Koanda, Christian Napon, Jean Kaboré
KEYWORDS:
Ischemic Stroke, Extracranial Atherosclerosis, Antiplatelet Therapy, Burkina Faso
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Neuroscience,
Vol.9 No.2,
May
9,
2019
ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of
carotid atherosclerosis among ischemic stroke patients in a tertiary hospital
in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical
retrospective study of patients admitted at neurology department of Yalgado
Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital with ischemic stroke and cerebral large
vessel atherosclerosis in the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016. Results: The prevalence of
extracranial carotid atherosclerosis was 23.9%. The mean age of patients was 63.5 years (Range 31 -
90 years). The study population included 65% of men and 35% of women.
Hypertension was the most common vascular risk factor (75.6%). Stroke was
mostly located in the anterior circulation in 23.9%. Low HDL-C was present in 52% of patients. The
majority of plaque was homogeneous
(85.2%). Plaque were located in carotid bulbar artery (38.5%) followed by common
carotid artery (28.2%) and extracranial internal carotid artery (18.6%).
According to cerebral lesion, plaque was bilateral in 45.5%, ipsilateral in
42.3% and contralateral in 12.1% of cases. Tight stenosis was found in 30.1% of
patients. There was a significant link between male gender and tight stenosis
(p = 0.004). Aspirin was the most antiplatelet therapy used (95.5%). Statin therapy was used in 91% of patients. The mean
duration of hospitalization was 12.5 days with a mortality rate of 7.1%. Conclusions: Our study showed that extra carotid atherosclerosis was the most common cause of ischemic stroke in Burkina
Faso. Man gender was most represented than women.