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Reginato, A.J., Passano, G.M., Neumann, G., Falasca, G.F., Diaz-Valdez, M., Jimenez, S.A. and Williams, C.J. (1994) Familial Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda, Brachydactyly, and Precocious Osteoarthritis Associated with an Arginine 75 →Cysteine Mutation in the Procollagen Type II Gene in a Kindred of Chiloe Islanders. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 37, 1078-1086.
https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780370714

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Intra-Articular Cartilage Calcification Associated with Type II Pro-Collagen Accumulation in Chondrocytes and Abnormal Fibrils in the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM): Case Report

  AUTHORS: Peter Storgaard Skagen, Tom Nicolaisen

  KEYWORDS: Calcification, Collagen Bundles, Endoplasmic Reticulum Storage Disease (ERSD)

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.8 No.4, April 18, 2019

  ABSTRACT: Objective: The purpose of this case-study was to perform morphological and molecular analysis of articular cartilage biopsies from the femoral condyle of a 33 year old woman with intra-articular calcification in the right knee joint and compare the findings with those of normal cartilage. Methods: Femural condyle cartilage biopsies were used for Light Microscopy (LM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), explant culturing and DNA mutation analysis of the COL2A1 gene. Results: X-ray of the affected knee joint showed intra-articular calcifications on the femur condyle, tibia and meniscus. Pathological LM and TEM examination of cartilage biopsies revealed calcified islands morphologically identical to calcium pyro-phosphate dehydrate (CPPD) and hydroxyapatite (HA)-like crystals. In addition, chondrocytes showed accumulation of pro-collagen molecules. With explant culturing and immunochemistry, it was confirmed that matrix calcification correlated with high intracellular matrix accumulation and expression of type X collagen. The induction of hypertrophy in chondrocytes was further associated with matrix vesicle (MV) release and a prominent calcification zone. Surprisingly, TEM showed crystal development on thick abnormal type II collagen fibrils suggesting that these ECM components might nucleate and contribute to calcification. Conclusions: We suggest that intra-articular calcification may be associated with type II pro-collagen accumulation in chondrocytes. In particular, we hypothesize that matrix accumulation may induce hypertrophy and type X collagen expression in cartilage cells and release of MV’s into the ECM, which together with thick abnormal type II collagen hetero-fibrils, are responsible for crystal deposition in the ECM.