TITLE:
Assessment of Artificial Insemination in Camel
AUTHORS:
Belayneh Engidawork Demissie
KEYWORDS:
Insemination, Camel, Semen, Deposition, Preservation
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Animal Sciences,
Vol.9 No.2,
April
15,
2019
ABSTRACT: The objective of this review is to confer semen
collection and processing, and semen deposition technique in camel. Artificial
insemination is an important technique to ensure rapid genetic improvement in
camels. The use of AI has been reported in camel, although insemination trials
are rare. The widely accepted methods of semen collection include electro
ejaculation and artificial vagina (AV), but flushing of the epididymis with
saline solution can also be used as an alternative. Depending on the method of
semen processing, semen is usually used in raw condition or after extension.
Whole semen is used within minutes or after few hours in the fresh raw method.
In short-term preservation or liquid semen (within a few hours or days) and
long-term preservation or frozen semen (months or years), extension of the
semen ejaculate is carried out by adding extenders which is required in more
efficient use of AI. Semen is extended under different temperatures (30°C, 25°C or 4°C), in short-term preservation. Cryopreservation is used
to carry out long-term preservation. Different freezing procedures are represented by packaging methods such
as ampoules or in plastic straws with different volumes (0.25, 0.5 or 4 ml) and
pellets. The best time for insemination can only be determined by rectal
palpation of the ovaries and/or ultrasonography. The other alternative is to
inseminate at known intervals following induction of ovulation by hormonal
treatment with human-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (Gn-RH). The semen should be deposited into the uterus at least 24 hours after the onset of ovulation. Pregnancy rates
depend on the semen extender, site of deposition and number of sperm deposited.
Blood or milk progesterone assays, rectal
palpation, and ultrasonic image detection of pregnancy are commonly used approaches of pregnancy diagnosis in camel.