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Inamatsu, M., Matsizaki, T. Iwanari, H. and Yoshizatu, K. (1998) Establishment of rat dermal papilla cell lines that sustain the potency to induce hair follicles from afollicular skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 111, 767-775. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00382.x PMid:9804336

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• TITLE: Evidence for pentagonal symmetry in living and model cellular systems

  AUTHORS: John J. Wille

  KEYWORDS: Cells; Colonies; in Vitro Tissue Culture; Mammalian Tissues; Model Tissues; Pentagonal Symmetry; Rotational Symmetry Analysis

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.3 No.10, October 21, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Microscope observations of normal human ke- ratinocytes (NHK) propagated in a serum-free medium reveal a high frequency (>70%) of pentagonally-shaped colonies over a wide range of colony sizes that persist over many sequential cell generations. NHK colonies derived from sin- gle cell isolates also display pentagonal symme- try as confirmed by a photographic technique known as “Markham Rotation”. The generality of pentagonal cellular morphology was extended to observations in situ of pentagonally-shaped basal layer epidermal cells of normal human epidermis, monolayer cultures of normal and immortalized keratinocytes, several different ch- ick embryo cells, and in previously published photographs. Statistical methods were applied that differentiate planar close-packing of polygonal configurations observed in living cellular system from several examples of non-living cellular aggregates that were produced spontaneously in nature or in the laboratory under defined physico-chemical conditions.