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Bestermann, W., Houston, M.C, Basile, J., Egan, B., Ferrario, C.M., Lackland, D., Hawkins, R.G., Reed, J., Rogers, P., Wise, D. and Moore, M.A. (2005) Addressing the Global Cardiovascular Risk of Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, and the Metabolic Syndrome in the Southeastern United States, Part II: Treatment Recommendations for Management of the Global Cardiovascular Risk of Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, and the Metabolic Syndrome. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 329, 292-305.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-200506000-00009

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Evaluation of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Three Carica papaya Varieties Cultivated in Senegal

  AUTHORS: Aïssatou Alioune Gaye, Oumar Ibn Khatab Cisse, Bou Ndiaye, Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou, Mady Cisse, Codou Mar Diop

  KEYWORDS: Carica papaya, Extraction, Antioxidant, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Proanthocyanidins, Saponins

  JOURNAL NAME: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol.10 No.3, March 14, 2019

  ABSTRACT: The aqueous extracts of different parts (old leaves (OL), young leaves (YL), peels (PE) and delipidated seed residues (DS)) of three varieties of papaya are studied. Extraction conditions are optimized: an extraction time of 20 minutes, a temperature of 70°C and a plant material/water mixture of 1% give the best yield of polyphenol. The amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and proanthocyanins of each aqueous extract was investigated. Antioxidant activities are measured using two different methods (DPPH and ABTS). The delipidated seeds (DS) of V1 have the highest total phenolic content (TPC = 72.56 ± 3.16 mg GAE/g) while they have the lowest total flavonoid content (TFC = 0.22 ± 0.01). With regard to saponins, the PE of V3 is much richer in saponins (194.03 ± 15.78 mg AeE/g) than all the other extracts studied. The OL of V2 and PE of V1 contain the most proanthocyanidins with very similar values of 2.51 ± 0.03 mg CE/g and 2.53 ± 0.34 mg CE/g respectively. The study of the antioxidant activities of the extracts showed a correlation between the amount of polyphenols and IC50. DPPH OL and YL V2, which are rich in polyphenols, have the lowest IC50 of 0.072 mg/ml and 0.080 mg/ml respectively, whereas for ABTS we have PE of V1 that is very rich in polyphenols which has the smallest IC50 value of 0.218 mg/ml.