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Izzo, A.D., Walsh, J.T., Jansen, E.D., Bendett, M., Webb, J., Palph, F. and Richter, C.P. (2007) Optical Parameter Variability in Laser Nerve Stimulation: A Study of Pulse Duration, Repetition Rate, and Wavelength. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 54, 1108-1114.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2007.892925

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: FEM Model of the Temperature Distribution in the Brain during Enhanced Infrared Neural Stimulation Using Nanoparticles

  AUTHORS: Rui Zhou, Haoling Chen, Zongxia Mou

  KEYWORDS: Enhanced Infrared Neural Stimulation, Pennes Bioheat Equation, Finite Element Method, Temperature Distribution, Nanoparticles

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.7 No.2, February 22, 2019

  ABSTRACT: Objectives: Enhanced infrared neural stimulation (EINS) using nanoparticles is a new research hotspot. In this paper, the numerical modeling of the interaction between a light source and brain tissue during EINS is studied. Materials and Methods: This model is built with the finite element method (FEM) to mimic the propagation and absorption of light in brain tissue with EINS. Only the thermal change is considered in this model since the photothermal effect is the main mechanism of EINS. The temperature response of brain irradiation is governed by the extensively used Pennes’ bio-heat equation in a multilayer model. Results: The temperature distribution in the brain under laser irradiation is determined. And the relationships between the brain tissue temperature and the three factors (the laser pulse time, the laser energy and the enhanced absorption coefficient of the tissue caused by the nanoparticles) are analyzed. Conclusions: The results indicate that the brain tissue is easier to warm up with the enhancement of nanoparticles and parameters of the laser can alter the temperature increase of the brain tissue. These findings offer a theoretical basis for future animal experiments.