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APHA (1999) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater: Chemical Oxygen Demand. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Variable Chlorine Decay Rate Modeling of the Matsapha Town Water Network Using EPANET Program

  AUTHORS: Ababu T. Tiruneh, Tesfamariam Y. Debessai, Gabriel C. Bwembya, Stanley J. Nkambule, L. Zwane

  KEYWORDS: Pipe Network, EPANET, Chlorine Residual, Bulk Decay Rate, Water Quality, Chlorine Dose

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.11 No.1, January 14, 2019

  ABSTRACT: A variable chlorine decay rate modeling of the Matsapha town water network was developed based on initial chlorine dosages. The model was adequately described by a second order rate function of the chlorine decay rate with respect to the initial chlorine dose applied. Simulations of chlorine residuals within the Matsapha water distribution network were run using the EPANET 2.0 program at different initial chlorine dosages and using the variable decay rate as described by the second order model. The measurement results indicated that the use of constant decay rate tended to underestimate chlorine residuals leading to potentially excess dosages with the associated chemical cost and side effects. The error between the two rate models varied between 0% and 15%. It is suggested that the use of water quality simulation programs such as EPANET be enhanced through the extension programs that accommodate variable rate modeling of chlorine residuals within distribution systems.