TITLE:
Childhood Heart Disease in Côte d’Ivoire: Retrospective Multicentric Study about 228 Cases
AUTHORS:
Richard Azagoh-Kouadio, Kouakou Florent Diby, Kouadio Vincent Asse, Loa Gnaba, Koko Aude Aka-Tanoh, Kossonou Roland Yeboua, Kouassi Christian Yao, Christelle Avi, Soumahoro Oulai
KEYWORDS:
Child, Congenital Heart Disease, Acquired Heart Disease, Ivory Coast
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Pediatrics,
Vol.8 No.4,
December
29,
2018
ABSTRACT: Introduction: In Cote d’Ivoire, the paediatrician has to face a diagnosis and management problem in front
of pediatric heart disease, with consequent a high lethality. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic
and progressive aspects of childhood cardiopathy for the improvement of
prognosis and professional practice. Materials and methods: This was a
multicenter retrospective and descriptive study conducted from January 2011 to
March 2016 in two main hospitals universities, one located in Abidjan and the
other in Bouaké. It concerned children aged 0 to 15 admitted for cardiac
disease diagnosed on clinical and/or echocardiographic arguments. The variables
studied were the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary
aspects. Results: A total of 49.760 admissions including 228 infantile
heart disease cases (congenital 113, acquired 51, indeterminate 64) are overall prevalence of 4.6‰. They involved 106 boys
and 122 girls. In 74.6% of cases, the age was between 0 and 2 years.
Respiratory distress 73.7% was the main reason for consultation. The main
congenital heart diseases (CHD) are ventricular septal defect (VSD) (31%),
atrial septal defect (ASD) (20.4%), atrioventricular canal (AVSD) (12.4%) and
tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (11.5%). As for acquired forms (AHD), rheumatic
mitral insufficiency (41.2%) and tuberculous pericarditis (15.7%) were the two
main causes. Treatment progress is marked by stabilization (71.1%) and death
(14%). Death was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status (p =
0.01) and with complication (p 0.001). Conclusion: Infantile heart diseases
are relatively less frequent and serious in Cote d’Ivoire. To improve the prognosis, close
collaboration between the pediatrician and the cardiologist is required for
early diagnosis and management.