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Johnson, D.B., Balko, J.M., Compton, M.L., Chalkias, S., Gorham, J., Xu, Y., Hicks, M., Puzanov, I., Alexander, M.R., Bloomer, T.L., et al. (2016) Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375, 1749-1755.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1609214

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Pericardial Effusion with Tamponade, an Immune-Related Adverse Event Associated with Nivolumab Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  AUTHORS: Fauzia F. Naime

  KEYWORDS: Pericardial Effusion, Immunotherapy, Nivolumab, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Immune Related Adverse Events

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol.9 No.12, December 29, 2018

  ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown to be very effective when treating lung cancer. Nivolumab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor has been approved for the treatment of metastatic non-squamous and squamous NSCLC. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors are associated with toxicities defined as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The most common irAEs are rash, colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and endocrinopathies. Although any organ system can be affected, other rare irAEs can occur and affect the bone marrow, pancreas, and the neurologic and cardiac systems. Pericardial effusion induced by immunotherapy is uncommon and has been described only in a few case reports. Immune-related adverse events usually develop within the first weeks to months after treatment initiation. This is a case report of a 52-year-old male patient with metastatic squamous-cell lung cancer who had a massive pericardial effusion secondary to treatment with nivolumab as second line treatment. During his hospital stay, the patient underwent pericardiocentesis and treatment with corticosteroids. A CT scan after these treatments revealed complete tumor response and minimal pericardial effusion. Nivolumab was definitively ceased. The patient continues to show complete response for 16 months. In general, Nivolumab is well-tolerated and has an excellent safety profile. However, it is important to be aware of life-threatening immune-related adverse events, particularly cardiac toxicity. Consensus guidelines regarding the treatment of the most common irAEs have been established. The optimal management of irAEs is based on clinical experience. It’s crucial to report new or rare irAEs to conduct prospective trials to evaluate the best treatment strategy.