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de Cuevas, R.M., Lawson, L., Al-Sonboli, N., Al-Aghbari, N., Arbide, I., Sherchand, J.B., Nnamdi, E.E., Aseffa, A., Yassin, M.A., Abdurrahman, S.T., et al. (2016) Patients Direct Costs to Undergo TB Diagnosis. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 5, 24.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0117-x

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Increasing Detection and Confirmation of Tuberculosis in Children in Southern Ethiopia: Pooled Samples Tested Using Microscopy and Xpert

  AUTHORS: Daniel G. Datiko, Mulualem A. Gadena, Mubarek A. Yassin, Kefyalew T. Garie, Moges D. Ormago, Luis E. Cuevas

  KEYWORDS: TB, Children, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, Pooled Sample

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Tuberculosis Research, Vol.6 No.3, September 21, 2018

  ABSTRACT: Background: Childhood tuberculosis accounts for about 10% of estimated TB cases in the world. Despite advances in diagnostics, childhood TB remains a challenge. We evaluated pooling method and testing with GeneXpert MTB/RIF in southern Ethiopia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in presumptive TB children st, 2nd and pooled samples. Results: Of 340 presumptive TB cases enrolled, 96 and 244 children submitted gastric aspirate and sputum samples respectively. Of 1020 samples collected (282 gastric aspirate and 738 sputum samples), 38 (3.7%) were positive by Xpert (10 (3.5%) from gastric aspirate and 28 (3.8%) from sputum sample). Similarly, 8 (1.2%) of sputum samples were positive by ZN but none from gastric aspirate. Of 244 children who submitted sputum samples, 3 (1.2%) were bacteriologically positive compared to 12 (4.9%) by Xpert. Of 96 children who submitted gastric aspirate samples, none were positive by ZN while 5 (5.2%) were positive by Xpert. Of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases 0.9% was by ZN and 4.7% by Xpert, an increase of 3.8%. Pooled testing increased positivity by 0.3% for ZN and 1.5% by Xpert compared to the 1st sample. Conclusions: Xpert MTB/RIF testing increases yield compared to ZN testing for gastric aspirate samples. The same-day approach and pooling samples improves efficient use of cartridge, reduce the number of visits for seeking diagnosis and save resources.