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Hanifin, J.M., Chan, S.C., Cheng, J.B., et al. (1996) Type 4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Have Clinical and in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Atopic Dermatitis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 107, 51-56.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12297888

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Crisaborole and Apremilast: PDE4 Inhibitors with Similar Mechanism of Action, Different Indications for Management of Inflammatory Skin Conditions

  AUTHORS: Jan M. Kitzen, Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr., Robert Taylor Jr., Robert B. Raffa

  KEYWORDS: Crisaborole, Apremilast, Phosphodiesterase, PDE4, Inflammation, Cytokines, Interleukins, cAMP

  JOURNAL NAME: Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Vol.9 No.9, September 10, 2018

  ABSTRACT: Two selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors—viz., crisaborole (Eucrisa®, Pfizer) and apremilast (Otezla®, Celgene)—have recently received approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of related but different dermatologic skin conditions (viz., atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis, respectively). The purpose of this review is to summarize the underlying biochemistry and pathophysiology associated with these dermatologic conditions, review the chemistry, pharmacology and safety of each of these products, and present preclinical and clinical evidence that may help explain why these two PDE4 inhibitors offer new treatment options for these skin conditions.