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Spector, P. E., Van Katwyk, P. T., Brannick, M. T., & Chen, P. Y. (1997). When Two Factors Don’t Reflect Two Constructs: How Item Characteristics Can Produce Artifactual Factors. Journal of Management, 23, 659-677.
https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639702300503

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Effectiveness Comparison of Virtual Laboratory and Physical Laboratory in Nurturing Students’ Attitude towards Chemistry

  AUTHORS: Murugan Mini Ratamun, Kamisah Osman

  KEYWORDS: Attitude towards Chemistry, Virtual Laboratory, Physical Laboratory, Gender

  JOURNAL NAME: Creative Education, Vol.9 No.9, July 26, 2018

  ABSTRACT: The aim of the research is to compare the effectiveness of Virtual Laboratory and Physical Laboratory in students’ attitude towards chemistry. The students’ attitude towards chemistry is compared by gender and the interaction effect between groups and gender was studied. The instrument used in this research is Attitude Towards Chemistry Lessons Scale (ATCLS). A quasi-experimental research design with nonequivalent control group pre-survey and post-survey was used. The participants of this research are Malaysianupper secondary fourscience stream students. This research involved a total of 147 students, which are 64 male students and 83 female students. The two-way ANCOVA analysis showed that the effectiveness of group on the post ATCLS mean score was not significant. It concluded that the level of students’attitude towards chemistry is same when experiment is done in VLab or PLab. The effectiveness of attitude towards chemistry on gender was not significant. The analysis also showed that the interaction effect between group and gender in ATCLSis not significant. This means the group’s influence on the mean score of ATCLS is not caused by the gender and the gender influence on the mean score of ATCLS is not caused by groups.