TITLE:
Geometrical Evaluation of Cervical Cells. Fractal and Euclidean Diagnostic Methodology of Clinical Application
AUTHORS:
Javier Rodríguez Velásquez, Miguel Sánchez Cárdenas, Freddy Andrés Barrios Arroyave, Yolanda Soracipa Muñoz
KEYWORDS:
Fractals, Cervical Cancer, Cytology, Mathematics
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.6 No.3,
March
20,
2018
ABSTRACT: Background: The
concomitant use of fractal and Euclidian measurements has led to the
development of new methodologies of cell evaluation, including a diagnosis of
cervical cells that set up differences between normality and various degrees of
lesion, to carcinoma. Aim: To confirm the diagnostic
capacity of the methodology based on fractal and Euclidian geometry for the
mathematical diagnosis through a blind study of normal cells and with different
types of lesion, as atypia of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low grade
squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LGSIL) and high grade squamous
intra-epithelial lesion (HGSIL). Methods: 100 cells of Papanicolaou
tests were analyzed and divided into 4 groups according to conventional
parameters: 25 normal, 25 ASCUS, 25 LGSIL and 25 HGSIL. By means of the
Box-counting Fractal Space, we calculated the fractal dimension and occupying
spaces of the border and surface in pixels of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
The diagnostic parameters of the previously developed methodology were applied
and compared with the conventional diagnosis, setting up sensibility,
specificity, negative likelihood ratio and Kappa coefficient. Results: The
values of the occupation of the border and surface of the cell nucleus and
cytoplasm were consistent with the values found by the diagnostic methodology
previously found. The subtraction of the nucleus and cytoplasm frontiers
presented values between: 189 and 482 for normality; 159 and 432 for ASCUS; 126
to 401 for LGSIL and 39 to 122 for HGSIL. A sensitivity and specificity of 100%,
and a Kappa coefficient of 1 were obtained. Conclusions: The capacity of
the methodology to diagnose quantitatively the different stages in the
evolution of the cervical cells observed in Papanicolaou tests was confirmed,
from normality to HGSIL.