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Teo, K.K., Ounpuu, S., Hawken, S., Pandey, M.R., Valentin, V., Hunt, D., Diaz, R., Rashed, W., Freeman, R., Jiang, L., Zhang, X. and Yusuf, S. (2006) INTERHEART Study Investigators. Tobacco Use and Risk of Myocardial in Farction in 52 Countries in the INTERHEART Study: A Case-Control Study. Lancet, 368, 647-658.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69249-0

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Single Oral Administration of Anthocyanin Rescues Smoking-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Smokers but Facilitates Oxidative Stress in Non-Smokers

  AUTHORS: Akane Yoshizaki, Toshiko Tomisawa, Tomohiro Osanai, Naoki Nanashima, Maiko Kitajima, Kasumi Mikami, Toshifumi Fujita, Hayato Maeda, Yoji Kato

  KEYWORDS: Blackcurrant, Anthocyanin, Young Health Smoker, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants

  JOURNAL NAME: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol.9 No.3, March 8, 2018

  ABSTRACT: Objectives: Smoking causes endothelial dysfunction, but it still remains unclear whether oral administration of anthocyanin brings benefits to endothelial function and redox states in young healthy smokers. We tested the hypothesis that supplement anthocyanin may rescue endothelial dysfunction and redox states in young healthy smokers. Methods: Young healthy male non-smoker (n = 8) and smokers (n = 14) were enrolled to measure the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) levels and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and 2 hours after one cigarette smoking or resting under administration of blackcurrant supplements (anthocyanins 210 mg) or not. Results: FMD, d-ROMs, and BAP at baseline were similar between non-smokers and smokers. One cigarette smoking induced a decrease in FMD at 2 hours (9.0% ± 2.6% vs 7.5% ± 2.3%, p Conclusions: Single oral administration of anthocyanin rescued smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction in young healthy smokers, but facilitated oxidative stress in non-smokers. When anthocyanin is taken as supplements, it seems important to pay attention to the dose and timing of administration.