TITLE:
Expressions of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Carcinogenesis of Cervix: A Review
AUTHORS:
Shrestha Reshies, Min-Min Yu
KEYWORDS:
lncRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, Cervical Cancer, HPV, HOTAIR, MALAT-1, GAS5, MEG3, PVT1, HULC, ANRIL, CCHE1, CCAT2, UCA1
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Vol.8 No.2,
February
9,
2018
ABSTRACT: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts
longer than 200 nucleotides mostly transcribed by RNA which do not encode
proteins. Previously, lncRNAs were considered transcriptional byproducts called
“junk DNA” with no biological functions. There are many studies conducted on
lncRNAs showing they are actively involved in regulation of epigenetic,
transcriptional, and post-transcriptional events. Expressions of lncRNAs are more different in many malignant tumors than in benign tumors and normal
tissue. Aberration of lncRNAs is responsible to promote or suppress
tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Under different circumstances, lncRNAs
exhibit their roles in carcinogenesis such as MALAT1 is responsible for
intervening mRNA instability, HOTAIR, MALAT1, ANRIL, PVT1 links with miRNA and
histonemodifying complexes, MEG3 associates with miRNA, CCAT2, MEG3, GAS5, UCA1
allies with c-Myc or P53 causing suppression of tumor or oncogenesis. Abnormal
expressions of lncRNAs are noticed in gynecological cancers, such as cervical
cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. Identification of cervical
cancer associated lncRNAs is necessary to understand the molecular biogenesis
of cancers. In this review, we summarized the foundation and function of the
lncRNAs in terms of tumor progression, invasion, prognosis, apoptosis,
metastasis, and chemo-resistance. This review will provide references to determine
the clinical applications of lncRNAs as ideal diagnostic biomarkers or
therapeutic targets in cervical cancers.