TITLE:
Reactive Power and FACTS Cost Models’ Impact on Nodal Pricing in Hybrid Electricity Markets
AUTHORS:
Ashwani Kumar
KEYWORDS:
Real and Reactive Power, Nodal Price, Reactive Power Cost Model, FACTS Cost Model, Bilateral Transactions, Hybrid Market Model
JOURNAL NAME:
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy,
Vol.2 No.3,
August
8,
2011
ABSTRACT: In a competitive environment reactive power management is an essential service provided by independent system operator taking into account the voltage security and transmission losses. The system operator adopts a transparent and non-dis-criminatory procedure to procure the reactive power supply for optimal deployment in the system. Since generators’ are the main source of reactive power generation and the cost of the reactive power should be considered for their noticeable impact on both real and reactive power marginal prices. In this paper, a method based on marginal cost theory is presented for locational marginal prices calculation for real and reactive power considering different reactive power cost models of generators’ reactive support. With the presence of FACTS controllers in the system for more flexible operation, their impact on nodal prices can not be ignored for wheeling cost determination and has also to be considered taking their cost function into account. The results have been obtained for hybrid electricity market model and results have also been computed for pool model for comparison. Mixed Integer Non-linear programming (MINLP) approach has been formulated for solving the complex problem with MATLAB and GAMS interfacing. The proposed approach has been tested on IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System (RTS).