TITLE:
Estimation of Environmental Damage Costs from CO2e Emissions in Libya and the Revenue from Carbon Tax Implementation
AUTHORS:
Yasser Fathi Nassar, Kaiss Rateb Aissa, Samer Yassin Alsadi
KEYWORDS:
Libya, Carbon Tax, CO2e Emission Factors, Environmental Damage Costs, GHG Emissions, Fuel Consumption
JOURNAL NAME:
Low Carbon Economy,
Vol.8 No.4,
December
26,
2017
ABSTRACT: This
paper addresses the GHG emissions from oil and gas extraction, production and
combustion and other emissions sources in Libya. In general, this research
deals with the primary energy tracing from well to wheel leading to inventor of
pollutants emitted through this path. This study presents the first work
conducted in the estimation of costs of the environmental damages caused by GHG
emissions from Libyans activities, we involved not only the energy or
industrial facilities but also the waste and livestock in this process. For
Libyan market, we adopted a cost of CO2e is 44 LD/ton CO2e
(which equivalents to 32 US$ or 29 €), the present study reveals that the
prices of all fusel fuel must be increased by 79%, 138%, 19% and 80% for
Gasoline, Diesel, Air-jet fuel and LPG respectively, and by 8%, 143%, 6%, 3%
and 14% for air traveling
tickets, MWh of electricity, ton of steel, ton of cement, kg of red meat and
ton of garbage, respectively. The total revenue as a result of the
implementation of carbon tax is 4.4 billion LD which equivalent to 10% of the
Libyan GDP in 2015. The followed procedure enables to investigate the effect of
each type of energy, production or service on the environment individually.
This research paved the road for more intensive researches to account all
pollutants in the social-economical-environmental system.