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Graf, T.N., Levine, K.E., Andrews, M.E., Perlmutter, J.M., Nielsen, S.J., Davis, J.M., Wani, M.C. and Oberlies, N.H. (2007) Variability in the Yield of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids in Wildcrafted vs. Cultivated Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 1205-1211.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062498f

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Analysis of Sanguinaria canadensis Native to South Dakota

  AUTHORS: Gitanjali NandaKafle, R. Neil Reese, Robert Oda

  KEYWORDS: Antibacterial Activity, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Cytotoxicity, Alkaloids, Sanguinarine

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Access Library Journal, Vol.4 No.12, December 21, 2017

  ABSTRACT: A methanolic extract of Sanguinaria canadensis rhizome contains a mixture of benzophenanthridine alkaloids with the major component sanguinarine. American Indians used this rhizome in the treatment of rheumatism, asthma, bronchitis, lung ailments, fever, and warts. Lethal diarrhea in neonatal and post-weaned pigs due to enterotoxigenic Escherchia coli (ETEC) is a major problem among the swine producers of South Dakota region. The increasing resistance of ETEC towards synthetic antibiotics is a matter of concern. Our aims in this study were I) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract of S. canadensis against ETEC II) to evaluate the cytotoxicity activity against porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines and III) to quantify the amount of sanguinarine in the rhizome of S. canadensis native to South Dakota. The MIC value was found to be 6.25 mg/mL against ETEC whereas the 100% inhibition of IPEC-J2 cells was found to be at 0.312 mg/mL. The total amount of alkaloids in this plant was found to be 1247 mg in 100 gm of fresh plant material whereas the amount of sangunarine was 559.64 mg in 100 gm of fresh plant material. The percentage of sangunarine in fresh plant material was 0.55% and in total alkaloid is 44.8%. Our results showed that S. canadensis has antibacterial effect against E. coli but it is toxic to IPECJ2 cells in vitro. It is important to carry out an in vivo animal study to confirm its further use as feed supplements.