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Lambin, E., Turner, B., Geist, H., Agbola, S., Angelson, A., Bruce, J., Coomes, O., Dirzo, R., Fischer, G., Folke, C. and George, P. (2001) Our Emerging Understanding of the Causes of Land Use and Cover Change. Global Environmental Change, 11, 261-269.

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• TITLE: Uncertainty Analysis of Spatial Autocorrelation of Land-Use and Land-Cover Data within Pipestem Creek in North Dakota

  AUTHORS: Papia F. Rozario, Peter G. Oduor, Larry Kotchman, Michael Kangas

  KEYWORDS: Kriging, Tasseled Cap, Greenness Index, Land-Use and Land-Cover

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Vol.5 No.8, August 2, 2017

  ABSTRACT: A major threat to biodiversity in North Dakota is the conversion of forested land to cultivable land, especially those that act as riparian buffers. To reverse this trend of transformation, a validation and prediction model is necessary to assess the change. Spatial prediction within a Geographic Information System (GIS) using Kriging is a popular stochastic method. The objective of this study was to predict spatial and temporal transformation of a small agricultural watershed—Pipestem Creek in North Dakota; USA using satellite imagery from 1976 to 2015. To enhance the difference between forested land and non-forested land, a spectral transformation method—Tasseled-Cap’s Greenness Index (TCGI) was used. To study the spatial structure present in the imagery within the study period, semivariograms were generated. The Kriging prediction maps were post-classified using Remote Sensing techniques of change detection to obtain the direction and intensity of forest to non-forest change. TCGI generated higher values from 1976 to 2000 and it gradually reduced from 2000 to 2011 indicating loss of forested land.