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Lammers, P., Kenealy, M., Kliebenstein, J., Harmon, J., Helmers, M. and Honeyman, M. (2011) Energy Use in Pig Production: An Examination of Current Iowa Systems. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 90, 1056-1068.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Food Production Engineering Efficiency: A Critical Analysis of the Conventional Metrics Used in Measuring Agricultural Efficiency

  AUTHORS: Mark McGuire

  KEYWORDS: Efficiency, Farming, Agriculture, Calories, Energy, Waste, Metrics, Measures

  JOURNAL NAME: Engineering, Vol.9 No.5, May 27, 2017

  ABSTRACT: An analysis is reported of conventional vs. alternative metrics used in measuring food production efficiency. Economic efficiency is driven by marketplace economics, while engineering efficiency is driven by useful energy conservation. As farming systems are optimized for maximum efficiency, how “efficiency” is defined will dictate the methods used in food production. Farming methods that are optimized in terms of economic efficiency have environmental consequences that are not inherent of engineering efficiency; however, farming methods optimized in terms of engineering efficiency have labor requirements not inherent of economic efficiency. A shift from optimizing food production in terms of economic efficiency to engineering efficiency may be necessary in order to feed a growing human population.