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Jurkovic, D., Hillaby, K., Woelfer, B., Lawrence, A., Salim, R., et al. (2003) First Trimester Diagnosis and Management of Pregnancies Implanted into the Lower Uterine Segment Cesarean Section Scar. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 21, 220-227.
https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.56

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancies—Case Series from a District General Hospital

  AUTHORS: Folasade Akhanoba, Alero Awala, Tony Boret

  KEYWORDS: Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol.7 No.5, May 26, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy (CSEP) is a rare, but potentially catastrophic complication of a previous Caesarean Section (CS) birth. This is a review of 5 cases of CSEP managed in our Early Pregnancy Unit at Watford General Hospital within a 10-month period. Two patients had only one previous CS, whilst 2 had two and the last had 3 previous CS. All our patients presented within the first trimester of pregnancy (range 6 to 11 weeks’ gestation) with light vaginal bleeding; 4 of them had associated mild to moderate abdominal pain. All were diagnosed using transvaginal ultrasound scan. Three of our patients were managed surgically by Suction Evacuation under Ultrasound guidance and insertion of a Foley’s catheter prophylactically for tamponade in order to reduce blood loss both intra- and post-operatively. One of our patients had a heterotopic pregnancy with a viable intrauterine pregnancy and a live CSEP. She declined any intervention so she was managed conservatively with weekly Consultant appointments and scans. There was a subsequent demise of the CSEP and she continued with a singleton pregnancy. None of our patients were managed medically. There is no absolute consensus on diagnostic criteria and there is no standard management protocol so each woman should be given all the available information and the opportunity to decide on the management of her pregnancy. The risk of a CSEP in a subsequent pregnancy should be part of the consent process for CS.