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Levy, G.S. (2015) Anomalous Temperature Gradient in Non-Maxwellian Gases. In: Ceramics for Energy Conversion, Storage, and Distribution Systems, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ceramic Materials & Components for Energy & Environmental Applications, Vancouver, BC, 14-19 June 2015, Wiley, Hoboken, Vol. 255.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Faraday Isolator, Detailed Balance and the Second Law

  AUTHORS: George S. Levy

  KEYWORDS: Faraday Isolator, Detailed Balance, Second Law, Non-Maxwellian, Entropy, H-Theorem, Statistical Mechanics, Perpetual Motion Machine, Statistical Symmetry, Indistinguishability

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.5 No.4, April 30, 2017

  ABSTRACT: A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.