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Mazzone, A., Epistolato, M.C., De Caterina, R., et al. (2004) Neoangiogenesis, T-Lymphocyte Infiltration and Heat Shock Protein-60 Are Biological Hallmarks of An Immunomediated Inflammatory Process in End-Stage Calcified Aortic Valve Stenosis. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 43, 1670-1676.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Rheumatic Mineralization of Aortic Valve and Anterior Mitral Leaflet—A Case Report

  AUTHORS: Ramachandran Muthiah

  KEYWORDS: Rheumatic Mineralization, Mitral-Aortic “J-Shaped” Calcification, “Mushroom Shaped” Calcified Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, Therapeutic Strategies

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.6 No.4, April 28, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Aim: To present the heterotopic ossification of left-sided heart valves due to rheumatic inflammation and biomineralization. Introduction: Calcification in the region of mitral-aortic continuity is significant at its origin and etiopathogenesis. The etiology of valvular calcification may be divided into 3 groups, namely, inflammation, degeneration and metabolic disturbances. Calcification of cardiac valve leaflets is most often due to rheumatic etiology in tropical nations. Case Report: A 52-year-old male developed sudden onset of light-headedness and palpitations due to atrial fibrillation. Transthoracic 2D echocardiography revealed calcification of anterior mitral leaflet and aortic valve which resembles a bone-like structure and the patient was advised double valve replacement. Conclusion: It was known that the cellular mechanisms play an important role in its genesis and therapeutic strategies are targeted to reverse this process by understanding its biological mediators.