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Miller, V.M., Rodgers, G., Charlesworth, J.A., Kirkland, B., Severson, S.R., Rasmussen, T.E., Yagubyan, M., Rodgers, J.C., Cockerill, F.R. III, Folk, R.T., Rzewuska-Lech, E., Kumar, V., Farell-Bard, G. and Lieska, J.C. (2004) Evidence of Nanobacterial-Like Structures in Calcified Human Arteries and Cardiac Valves. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circu-latory Physiology, 287, H1115-H1124.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Rheumatic Mineralization of Aortic Valve and Anterior Mitral Leaflet—A Case Report

  AUTHORS: Ramachandran Muthiah

  KEYWORDS: Rheumatic Mineralization, Mitral-Aortic “J-Shaped” Calcification, “Mushroom Shaped” Calcified Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, Therapeutic Strategies

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.6 No.4, April 28, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Aim: To present the heterotopic ossification of left-sided heart valves due to rheumatic inflammation and biomineralization. Introduction: Calcification in the region of mitral-aortic continuity is significant at its origin and etiopathogenesis. The etiology of valvular calcification may be divided into 3 groups, namely, inflammation, degeneration and metabolic disturbances. Calcification of cardiac valve leaflets is most often due to rheumatic etiology in tropical nations. Case Report: A 52-year-old male developed sudden onset of light-headedness and palpitations due to atrial fibrillation. Transthoracic 2D echocardiography revealed calcification of anterior mitral leaflet and aortic valve which resembles a bone-like structure and the patient was advised double valve replacement. Conclusion: It was known that the cellular mechanisms play an important role in its genesis and therapeutic strategies are targeted to reverse this process by understanding its biological mediators.