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Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F.S., Lambin, E., Lenton, T.M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H.J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C.A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P.K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R.W., Fabry, V.J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. and Foley, J. (2009) Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society, 14, 32.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/
https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03180-140232

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Electricity Market Mechanism regarding the Operational Flexibility of Power Plants

  AUTHORS: Cem Kiyak, Andreas de Vries

  KEYWORDS: Electricity Market, Market Mechanism, Renewable Energy, Operational Flexibility of Power Plants, Energy Transition

  JOURNAL NAME: Modern Economy, Vol.8 No.4, April 27, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Electricity market mechanisms designed to steer sustainable generation of electricity play an important role for the energy transition intended to mitigate climate change. One of the major problems is to complement volatile renewable energy sources by operationally flexible capacity reserves. In this paper, a proposal is given to determine prices on electricity markets taking into account the operational flexibility of power plants, such that the costs of long-term capacity reserves can be paid by short-term electricity spot markets. For this purpose, a measure of operational flexibility is introduced enabling to compute an inflexibility fee charging each individual power plant on a wholesale electricity spot market. The total sum of inflexibility fees is accumulated on the spot markets and then can be used to finance a capacity mechanism keeping the necessary reserves to warrant grid reliability. Here each reserve power plant then gets a reliable payment depending on its operational flexibility. The proposal is applied to an exemplary small grid, illustrating its main idea and also revealing the caveat that too high fees paradoxically could create incentives to employ highly flexible power plants on the spot market rather than to run them as backup capacity.