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P. P. Howards, E. F. Schisterman and P. J. Heagerty, “Potential Confounding by Exposure History and Prior Outcomes: An Example from Perinatal Epidemiology,” Epidemiology, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2007, pp. 544-551. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31812001e6

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Persistent Organochlorine Exposure and Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study

  AUTHORS: Anna Z Pollack, Germaine M. Buck Louis, Courtney D Lynch, Paul J Kostyniak

  KEYWORDS: Smart 1, Dichloro-2, 2-Bis(P-Chlorophenyl)Ethylene, Fecundity, Organochlorine, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, Pregnancy Loss (Keywords)

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.2 No.6, August 26, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) are suspected re-productive toxicants. We assessed serum concentration of 76 PCB congeners, DDE, and risk of human chorionic gonadotropin confirmed pregnancy loss among 79 women followed for up to 12 menstrual cycles or until pregnancy. 55 women had live births, 14 experienced pregnancy losses, and 10 did not achieve pregnancy. PCBs and DDE were quantified using gas chromatography with electron capture. PCBs were grouped a priori by biologic activity. Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for age (categorized 24 - 29, 30 - 34) and average standardized alcohol and cigarette intake (continuous) was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of pregnancy loss. Estrogenic PCBs (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 0.68, 4.02), anti-estrogenic PCBs (HR = 0.10, 95% CI: