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Feigenbaum, H., Armstrong, W.F. and Ryan, T. (2005) Congenital Heart Diseases, Feigenbaum’s Echocardiography. 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Chapter 18, Figure 18.51 A, 588.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Coronary Sinus Atrial Septal Defect (Unroofed Coronary Sinus) with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection—A Case Report

  AUTHORS: Ramachandran Muthiah

  KEYWORDS: Ccoronary Sinus ASD, Raghib Complex, Bubble Study, Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.6 No.1, January 13, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Introduction: To present a rare occurrence of coronary sinus atrial septal defect (ASD) associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Case Report: A 16-year-old girl was diagnosed with features of an atrial septal defect (ASD) by transthoracic echocardiography and the absence of PLSVC (persistent left superior vena cava) connection to coronary sinus was confirmed by saline contrast echocardiography (“bubble study”). Discussion: The cause of the dilated coronary sinus was due to total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Conclusion: Coronary sinus atrial septal defect (ASD) is a rare interatrial shunt that is commonly associated with a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and occurs in less than 1% of cases of ASDs. It is characterized by the absence of at least a portion of the common wall that separates the coronary sinus and left atrium. Isolated defects are associated with low rate of morbidity and mortality.