TITLE:
In Vitro Study of Callogenesis and Regeneration Potential of Elite Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
AUTHORS:
Muhammad Iqbal, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Saira Asif, Noshin Ilyas, Mubashir Hussain, Farhat Yasmeen, Muhammad Ejaz, Muhammad Asim Sultan, Sumaira Aslam, Hina Javed
KEYWORDS:
Tissue Culture, MS Medium, 2, 4-D and BAP, Callus Induction, Regeneration, Wheat
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.7 No.17,
December
28,
2016
ABSTRACT: The potential for biotechnological applications in crop improvement programs requires
identifying genotypes that allow cell/tissue culture with predictable plant regeneration.
In the past, many genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been
examined for potential use in tissue culture studies. The present research work has
also been designed to study in vitro callogenesis expression and regeneration potential
of wheat cultivars under controlled laboratory conditions. Seeds of four elite
commercial high yielding cultivars of wheat namely: NARC-2011, AAS-2011, PAK-2013 and GAL-2013, were collected from the Crop Science Institute National Agricultural
Research Center (CSI-NARC) Islamabad, as the source of plant material for in vitro studies. The seeds were surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite solutions
for 10 minutes with continuous shaking under laminar air flow hood. After that
seeds were placed on MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) based callus induction and regeneration
medium with various concentrations of 2, 4-D and BAP in separate test
tubes. Maximum callus induction frequency of 90% for Pak-13 and AAS-11, followed
by 87% and 83% for Gla-13 and NARC-11, respectively, was recorded at 4 mg/l and 6
mg/l of 2, 4-D. Similarly, maximum regeneration of 90% for AAS-11 and Pak-13,
followed by 80% and 87% for NARC-11 and Gla-13 respectively, was recorded on
MS basal medium containing 1.5 mg/l of BAP. An increasing trend in regeneration
from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l of BAP was observed but it gradually decreased with increasing
concentration of BAP from 1.5 mg/l for all wheat cultivars. The callus formed under
light was golden brown, dry nodule and smooth compact and less embryogenic while
under dark conditions, it was white to yellowish white, dry nodule and compact and
more embryogenic. Best results for callus induction and regeneration were obtained
at temperature (24°C ± 1°C) for all wheat cultivars.