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Cloete, S.W.P., Eksteen, J.J. and Bradshaw, S.M. (2013) A Numerical Modelling Investigation into Design Variables Influencing Mixing Efficiency in Full Scale Gas Stirred Ladles. Minerals Engineering, 46-47, 16-24.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2013.03.014

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Numerical Simulation of an Argon Stirred Ladle with Top and Bottom Injection

  AUTHORS: Sofia Torres, Miguel A. Barron

  KEYWORDS: Argon Injection, CFD Simulations, Gas Stirring, Mixing Time, Molten Steel Ladle, Stirring Efficiency

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol.6 No.13, December 6, 2016

  ABSTRACT: The stirring of a molten steel ladle with argon injection through a top submerged lance and a bottom nozzle is numerically studied here through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Three lance submergence depths and three injection velocities are considered in the CFD numerical experiments. The turbulent dissipation rate is employed to characterize the stirring phenomenon. The mixing times are determined from the gas flow rate, ladle geometry and bath depth using an empirical correlation.