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Bartley, G.B., Fatourechi, V., Kadrmas, E.F., Jacobsen, S.J., Ilstrup, D.M., Garrity, J.A., et al. (1995) The Incidence of Graves’ Ophthalmopathy in Olmsted County, Minnesota. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 120, 511-517.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9394(14)72666-2

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Ocular Manifestations in Thyroid Eye Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study from Nepal

  AUTHORS: Palikhe Sabita, Thakur Ajit, Shah Dev Narayan, Sharma Ananda Kumar, Acharya Niranjan

  KEYWORDS: Thyroid Eye Disease, Ocular Manifestation, Nepal

  JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol.7 No.12, December 5, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Background: Thyroid eye disease represents an organ-specific autoimmune process that is usually associated with thyroid disease. Graves’ disease is the most common thyroid abnormality associated with thyroid eye disease. Aim: This study was conducted for the profile of ocular manifestation in Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 117 cases of thyroid dysfunction was carried out at BP Koirala Institute of Health System, out of which 84 (71.79%) cases had ocular manifestation. They were evaluated and analyzed in detail and the characteristics documented included patient’s demography, ocular and systemic history and as well as ocular examination and some of the systemic and laboratory findings. Results: In this study, mean age of presentation of TED was 39.7 years. 59 patients were female and 25 were male. The maximum patients of both sexes were in the fourth decade of their lives. The common lid signs were lid retraction and lid lag. Proptosis was seen in 33.3% of cases out of which 68% had bilateral proptosis. Corneal ulcer was seen in 7.1% and optic neuropathy in 1.2% of cases. In 27.3% of cases there was elevation of IOP. Dry eye was seen in 61.9% of cases and POAG seen in 8.3% of cases. In the study population 75% were hyperthyroiditic, 16.7% were hypothyroiditic and 8.3% were in euthyroid state. Conclusion: Female was more commonly affected. The maximum number of patients of both sexes was in the fourth decade of their lives. Hyperthyroidism patient had greater chance of ocular manifestation.