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Harnly, M., McLaughlin, R., Bradman, A., Anderson, M. and Gunier, R. (2005) Correlating Agricultural Use of Organophosphates with Outdoor Air Concentrations: A Particular Concern for Children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 1184-1189.

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• TITLE: Development of Ecologically Acceptable Chlorpyrifos Formulation for Effective and Safe Application

  AUTHORS: Yasser El-Nahhal, Bayan Wheidi, Said El-Kurdi

  KEYWORDS: Chlorpyrifos, Adsorption, Basal Spacing, Organo-Clay, Leaching Potential

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, Vol.6 No.3, September 29, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Application of the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos has resulted in considerable environmental contamination. This study was designed to develop environmentally acceptable chlorpyrifos formulation for safe and effective application. This involved the modification of clay surfaces from hydrophilic to hydrophobic via ion-exchange reaction with organic cations. The resulting organo-clay complexes were tested for adsorption and release of chlorpyrifos. HPLC and FTIR measurements showed considerable adsorption and strong interaction between chlorpyrifos molecules and the organo-clay complexes. Basal spacing results emphasized the formation of suitable micro-pores for chlorpyrifos molecules. HPLC and bioassay techniques confirmed the slow release of chlorpyrifos. Leaching potential showed retention of chlorpyrifos in the top soil. Therefore application of organoclay formulation of chlorpyrifos may reduce their potential environmental contamination and produce safe applications.