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Kreymann, K.G., Berger, M.M., Deutz, N.E., Hiesmayr, M., Jolliet, P., Kazandjiev, G., Nitenberg, G., van den Berghe, G. and Wernerman, J., DGEM (German Society for Nutritional Medicine), Ebner, C., Hartl, W., Heymann, C. and Spies, C., ESPEN (European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition) (2006) ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Intensive Care. Clinical Nutrition, 25, 210-223.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2006.01.021

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Impact of Rate of Feeding Advancement after Early Initiation of Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill, Underweight Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review

  AUTHORS: Satomi Ichimaru, Maren Sono, Hidetoshi Fujiwara, Ryutaro Seo, Koichi Ariyoshi

  KEYWORDS: Critical Illness, Underweight, Mechanical Ventilation, Early Enteral Nutrition, Rate of Feeding Advancement

  JOURNAL NAME: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol.7 No.11, September 12, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Background: The optimal rate of feeding advancement after initiation of early enteral nutrition (EEN) for underweight, critically ill patients is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with a body mass index (BMI) 2. Patients were categorized into Group R, which reached the energy target within 3 days of EEN initiation, and Group S, which reached the energy target 4 or more days after EEN initiation. Results: A total of 65 patients with a median age of 73 years were included in the study. No significant differences were observed between the two groups for all-cause mortality, ICU-free days, or length of hospital stay. Ventilator-free days (VFDs) were significantly fewer in Group R than in Group S (18.0 [0.0 - 22.0] vs. 21.0 [16.3 - 24.8] days; P = 0.046). A significantly higher number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) at hospital discharge were observed in Group R than in Group S (29% vs. 8%; P = 0.030). Multivariable analyses with adjustment for confounders found that days required to reach target energy intake after EEN initiation were significantly and independently associated with the requirement for MV at hospital discharge, but not with VFDs. Conclusion: A slow rate of feeding advancement after initiation of EEN in critically ill patients having a BMI of 2 might be associated with a reduced requirement for MV at hospital discharge. These results require confirmation in a large multicenter trial of underweight, critically ill patients.