TITLE:
Air Plasma Spray for First Aid
AUTHORS:
Spencer Kuo
KEYWORDS:
Plasma Spray, First Aid, Coagulation, Wound Healing, Atomic Oxygen
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Emergency Medicine,
Vol.4 No.3,
August
26,
2016
ABSTRACT: Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge.
It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can
effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured person, especially in battlefield situations
and accidents, is presented. A plasma generator is designed to generate a low
temperature air plasma spray for treating wounds. The spectral spike at 777.4 nm in
the emission spectrum of the plasma plume and the spatial distribution of this emission
line’s spectral intensity indicate that abundant atomic oxygen is generated and
sprays out of the generator by about 25 mm. Atomic oxygen carried by the plasma
spray can quickly activate the cascading of coagulation processes and works as dry
disinfectant to advance healing. Tests on blood droplets reveal the strong dependence
of blood clotting on the amount of atomic oxygen applied in the plasma treatment,
which is maneuvered by increasing the plasma treatment time or decreasing the exposure
distance; in both approaches, the degree of blood clotting increases. Treated
smeared blood samples show that an increase of the erythrocyte concentration and a
drastic decrease of the platelet count are also correlated to the increase of atomic
oxygen dose applied in the plasma treatment. The results reveal the mechanisms of
air plasma blood coagulation and wound healing. As animal models, pigs were used
in the tests of stopping wound bleeding from a cross cut in the ham area, from a hole
in an ear’s saphenous vein, and from cuts to arteries in an ear and in a real leg, all
stopped swiftly. Moreover, both artery cuts were secure to remove tourniquet; downgrade
of tourniquet necessary wound in under 2 minutes was demonstrated. The
healing progress of cross cut wounds was observed. The healing time was shortened
to about half. This battery power plasma spray can be carried to or placed at anywhere
available for first aid applications. It stops bleeding swiftly to save life, and also
downgrades tourniquet necessary wound to extend the golden period of saving the
remaining part below tourniquet.