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Kassim, H., Peterson, J., Bauer, M.W., Connolly, S., Dehousse, R., Hooghe, L. and Thompson, A. (2013) The European Commission in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

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• TITLE: EU Coordination Weaknesses: Transaction Costs

  AUTHORS: Jan-Erik Lane

  KEYWORDS: Models of Regionalism, Coordination Mechanisms, Open and Closed Regionalism, Transaction Costs

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Access Library Journal, Vol.3 No.8, August 5, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Both the Euroland and the EURO projects face increasing scepticism from several member states as well as nationalist movements. The call for economic reforms augmenting flexibility and work zest in EU member states meets resistance, as it poses threats to the specific European welfare state. The management of the great refugee crisis has led to fundamental questioning of the concept of “Europeanisation” as the commitment of the EU to humanitarian goals and universal human rights. Where lays the basic weakness of the inefficient and bureacratic European model of regional integration? Reply: Transaction costs.