TITLE:
On the Precursory Abnormal Animal Behavior and Electromagnetic Effects for the Kobe Earthquake (M~6) on April 12, 2013
AUTHORS:
Masashi Hayakawa, Hiroyuki Yamauchi, Nobuyo Ohtani, Mitsuaki Ohta, Susumu Tosa, Tomokazu Asano, Alexander Schekotov, Jun Izutsu, Stelios M. Potirakis, Konstantinos Eftaxias
KEYWORDS:
Abnormal Animal Behavior, Earthquakes, Milk Yield of Cows, ULF Radiation, Sensory Mechanism of Animals
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Earthquake Research,
Vol.5 No.3,
August
5,
2016
ABSTRACT: After the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (EQ), there have been numerous aftershocks in the eastern and
Pacific Ocean of Japan, but EQs are still rare in the western part of Japan. In this situation a relatively
large (magnitude (M) ~6) EQ happened on April 12 (UT), 2013 at a place close to the former
1995 Kobe EQ (M~7), so we have tried to find whether there existed any precursors to this EQ, especially
abnormal animal behavior (milk yield of cows), observed at Kagawa, Shikoku, near the EQ
epicenter. The milk yield of cows has been continuously monitored at Kagawa, and it is found that
the milk yield exhibited an abnormal depletion about 10 days before the EQ. This behavior has
been extensively compared with the former electromagnetic precursors (ULF radiation, ionos-pheric perturbation). This leads to the discussion on the sensory mechanism of unusual behavior
of mild yield of cows, and it may be suggested that ULF radiation among different electromagnetic
precursors is a mostly likely driver, at least, for this EQ.