TITLE:
A Complete Set of 22 Elementary Particles for an Expanded Standard Model
AUTHORS:
Daniel E. Friedmann
KEYWORDS:
Elementary Particles, Standard Model, Beyond the Standard Model, Dark Matter Particles, Dark Energy Particles, Higgs
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.3 No.5,
May
17,
2016
ABSTRACT: Our best understanding of how the known elementary particles and three of
the forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong) are related to each other is
encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. However, the Standard
Model is incomplete as it fails to explain a number of phenomena. The Standard
Model relies on a set of elementary particles which are also known to be
incomplete. This paper presents a complete set of elementary particles to serve
as the basis for an expanded Standard Model. The set of elementary particles
contains all known elementary particles and 6 extra elementary particles which
relate only to mass and gravity. They include the graviton, a Higgs-like
particle (but 6.13 times heavier than the Higgs), 2 dark matter particles and 2
dark energy particles for a total of 22 elementary particles (the W and Z
bosons are seen as manifestations of a single particle).