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Watts, M., Okonta, I. and Kemedi, D.V. (2004) Economies of Violence: Petroleum, Politics and Community Conflict in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Niger Delta: Economies of Violence: Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley; The United States Institute of Peace, Washington DC; Our Niger Delta, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Geo-Spatial Analysis of Oil Spill Distribution and Susceptibility in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

  AUTHORS: Shittu Whanda, Olalekan Adekola, Bashir Adamu, Sani Yahaya, Prem C. Pandey

  KEYWORDS: Oil Spills, GIS Analysis, Third Party Damage, Interdiction, Pollutant Linkages

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geographic Information System, Vol.8 No.4, July 26, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Oil spill occurrence during exploration, production and distribution can cause deleterious impact on the environment. Contamination of local streams/rivers, farmlands, forest resources and biodiversity in oil producing areas presents strong significant possibility of significant harm to human health. Geo-information technologies present new opportunities for assessing stress environment and ways of determining exposure susceptibility in such areas. The study assesses the geographical distribution of oil-spills cluster and pattern using three geospatial techniques with ground data at 443 oil-spill incident sites from 1985-2008. The places with high (high-volume/ large impact/close proximity to communities) and low incident (low-volume/less impact/far-distance) are related to the quantity of oil-spills identified within those communities considered susceptible to spill impact and possible exposure. While the average nearest neighborhood analysis showed a probability that oil-spill distribution in the area is clustered (ratio I index indicted that there is