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Kribbs, N.B. and Dinges, D. (1994) Vigilance Decrement and Sleepiness. Sleep Onset: Normal and Abnormal Processes. In: Harsh, J. and Ogilvie, R., Eds., Sleep Onset Mechanisms, American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 113-125.

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• TITLE: Behavioral and Neurobiological Assessments of Predator-Based Fear Conditioning and Extinction

  AUTHORS: Joshua D. Halonen, Phillip R. Zoladz, Collin R. Park, David M. Diamond

  KEYWORDS: Fear Conditioning, Predator Exposure, Hippocampus, Sleep Deprivation

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, Vol.6 No.8, July 22, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Shock, immobilization, and exposure to predator-related stimuli have all been used to study fear conditioning in rodents, but they have never been used in conjunction in a single study. Experiment 1 compared the effects of these three reinforcers, alone and in various combinations, on the expression of long-term conditioned fear memory and extinction in adult male rats. Whereas foot shock conditioning, alone, was rapidly extinguished; the combination of immobilization and cat exposure, or all 3 stimuli together, produced a significant increase in the magnitude of fear conditioning and greater resistance to extinction, which persisted for at least 5 weeks post-training (p