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Bousher, H., Jensen, A., Jackson, P.H., Lambers, D. and Zeevaert, B., European Commission (1999) Investigation of a Possible Basis for a Common Approach with Regard to the Restoration of Areas Affected by Lasting Radiation Exposure as a Result of Past or Old Practice or Work Activity. CARE Final Report, Vandenhove, European Commission DG XI Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection, under Contract 96-ET-006, Brussels.

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• TITLE: Cancer Risk Due to the Natural Radioactivity in Cigarette Tobacco

  AUTHORS: Ali A. Ridha, Hasan A. Hasan

  KEYWORDS: NORM, Tobacco, Annual Effective Dose, Excess Cancer Risk, HPGe, AGDA

  JOURNAL NAME: Detection, Vol.4 No.3, June 13, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Thirty-one samples of cigarettes have been collected from local markets of different types of origins. The samples were selected according to a survey distributed to smokers by paper and digital survey to see the most heavily traded among smokers and in addition to a number of questions to see how the awareness and the culture of smokers in diseases caused by smoking and considered this study the first survey in Iraq. The aim of this research is to assess the number of cancer cases due to cigarette smoking. Through the use of High-Purity Germanium system (HPGe) (efficiency 40%) we determinated the radionuclides in cigarette tobacco. The average values were (14.86 ± 3.76, 10.84 ± 3.13, 1050.64 ± 47.57) Bq/kg for Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40, respectively, and the excess lifetime of cancer risk values ranged from 0.54 to 130 at average of 76 per million person per year. Raeq values varied from 18.50 to 87.21.4 Bq/kg with an average value of 39.51 Bq/kg for tobacco samples. The annual effective dose (HE) varies from 16.38 μSv/y to 44.69 μSv/y with an average value of 24.97 μsv/y. The Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE) varies from 0.3 to 0.64 (mSv/y) with an average value of 0.42 for all tobacco samples under investigation.