TITLE:
Prevalence and Risk Factor of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in a Regional Hospital, Eastern Indonesia
AUTHORS:
Saldy Yusuf, Mayumi Okuwa, Muhammad Irwan, Saipullah Rassa, Baharia Laitung, Abdul Thalib, Sukmawati Kasim, Hiromi Sanada, Toshio Nakatani, Junko Sugama
KEYWORDS:
Prevalence, Diabetes Complications, Risk Factors, Diabetic Foot Ulcers
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Nursing,
Vol.6 No.1,
January
18,
2016
ABSTRACT: Indonesia is one of the top ten diabetes mellittus (DM) countries. However as the main complication of DM, there was lack of studies related to diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Thus, the aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of DFU risk factors and DFU among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. An epidemiological study was conducted at an outpatient endocrine clinic in a regional hospital, eastern Indonesia. All T2DM participants attending research setting that were ≥ 18 years were included. Demographic and foot care behavior were assessed using minimum data sheet (MDS). Meanwhile, presence of risk factors was evaluated by using 5.07/10 g Semmes-Weinsten Monofilament (SWM) for neuropathy and presence of angiopathy was evaluated with Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) by using a hand held Doppler (Bidop ES-100V3, Hadeco-Kawasaki, Japan) both dorsal and posterior tibialis foot. At the end of study, 249 T2DM participants were enrolled. The prevalence of DFU risk factors was 55.4% (95% CI: 53.7% - 57.0%), and prevalence of DFU was 12% (95% CI: 10.3% - 13.6%). Based on a logistic regression, predictors for DFU risk factors included age (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.005 - 1.074) and daily foot inspection (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.186 - 0.703). Meanwhile, the predictors for presence of DFU were insulin (OR: 9.37; 95% CI: 2.240 - 39.182), shoes (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.007 - 0.294), spiritual belief that DM was a disease (OR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.004 - 0.326) and belief that DM was a temptation from God (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.027 - 0.598). In conclusion, we recommend to educate high risk patients to understand positive foot care behavior as essentially preventive strategies to prevent presence risk and DFU.