TITLE:
Modelling of Potential Pipeline Impact Radius and High Consequence Area in a Wetland Sub-Region of Nigeria
AUTHORS:
Shittu Whanda, Yahaya Sani, Gadiga Bulus
KEYWORDS:
Model, Spatial Analysis, Pipeline Hazard, Exposure Pathways, Oil Spill Risk
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geographic Information System,
Vol.7 No.6,
December
30,
2015
ABSTRACT: Crude oil transportation through pipelines presents danger to communities
along its path. In the Niger Delta region of Nigeria for instance, pipeline
vandalism occurs indiscriminately and regularly, such that every segment of a
pipeline network becomes a potential target and possibly source of oil spill
hazard. In terms of pipeline hazard and risk distribution, the oil plume’s
ability to migrate freely in wetlands and encroachment on pipeline right of
ways by people increases chances of wider contact and exposure opportunities to
inhabitants and the environment. Despite several efforts to mitigate pipeline
hazards in the oil and gas sector, none has been effective in Nigeria partly
due to paucity of data in public domain and poor public participation.
Therefore considering the environmental and human health challenges associated
with oil spills, an alternative method was developed using multi-criteria
decision analysis to model 1) pipeline hazard zones, 2) potential pipeline
impact radius, and 3) high consequence areas with four attribute layers, i.e. land cover, population, river and
pipeline to encourage public participation. The model identified land use
areas, communities and rivers likely to be susceptible to pipeline hazards and
areas requiring regular monitoring and possible intervention. Meanwhile the
model sensitivity test indicated that the river layer was most sensitive, while
transferability was limited to similar criteria variables. The model can
stimulate public participation in pipeline hazard management while policy
makers and regulators would find it relevant in oil spill impact mitigation.