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Dhaille, F., Dadban, A., Meziane, L., Fessier, C., Colta, L., Lok, C., et al. (2012) Elephantiasic Pretibial Myxoedema with Upper-Limb Involvement, Treated with Low-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 37, 307-308.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04175.x

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Elephantiasic Pretibial Myxoedema in a Patient with Graves’ Disease

  AUTHORS: Ruzhi Zhang, Yuhua Yang, Wenyuan Zhu

  KEYWORDS: Pretibial Myxoedema (PM), Graves’ Disease

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, Vol.5 No.4, December 3, 2015

  ABSTRACT: Pretibial myxoedema (PM) is a late and rare manifestation of autoimmune thyroiditis, particularly in patients with Graves’ disease. It occurs in 0.5% to 4.3% of patients [1], and is usually associated with high levels of thyroid hormones. The classification of PM includes four forms: non-pitting edema; plaque; nodular; or elephantiasis [1]. Mild PM often regresses spontaneously, but the severe, elephantiasic variant is typically progressive and refractory to treatment. Elephantiasic pretibial myxoedema (EPM) is characterized by massive edema, skin fibrosis and verrucous nodule formation, and it clinically resembles lymphedema. Herein, we describe a man with Graves’ disease presenting with EPM for nearly 2 years. Although advanced cases have been described in the literature, to our knowledge, none have reached this level of severity.