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Obokata, T. (2005). Smuggling of Human Beings from a Human Rights Perspective: Obligations of Non-State and State actors under International Human Rights Law. International Journal of Refugee Law 17, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 394.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Human Smuggling, Human Trafficking, Transnational Organised Crime

  AUTHORS: Tolu Ogboru, Salome Kigbu

  KEYWORDS: Human Trafficking and Human Smuggling: The Distinction and Legal Implications

  JOURNAL NAME: Beijing Law Review, Vol.6 No.4, November 30, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The disturbing trend in transnational organized crime, human smuggling and human trafficking to be specific, calls for global cooperation in addressing them. However, it is germane for stakeholders to understand the difference between the two crimes so that one will not be mistaken for the other at the point of detection. This will easily enable governments and law makers evolve effective legislation that will curb the crimes. The paper considered the provisions of international instruments in relation to the distinction between the two terms and concluded that the two terms are indeed different even though some jurists have differing opinions. In view of the distinction that exists, the paper concluded that there is need for municipal legislation to be developed by States accordingly in order to enhance effectiveness in enforcement by relevant agencies.