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Villarreal, R., Schwortz, B. and Benford, M.S. (2009) Analytical Results on Threads Taken from the Raes Sampling Area (Corner) of the Shroud. In: Fanti, G., Ed., The Shroud of Turin—Perspectives on a Multifaceted Enigma, Edizioni Libreria Progetto, Padova, 319-336.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Cold Acid Postmortem Blood Most Probably Formed Pinkish-Red Heme-Madder Lake on Madder-Dyed Shroud of Turin

  AUTHORS: Adrie A. M. van der Hoeven

  KEYWORDS: Turin Shroud, Blood, Madder, Forensic Medicine, Spectroscopy

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol.5 No.11, November 30, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The Turin Shroud was extensively scientifically investigated in 1978. In its pinkish red bloodstains, normal features of human blood were found, but also seemingly anomalous ones. In the present study, hitherto unnoticed details of the data are presented, Shroud data and more modern reference data are compared, and the results of a few experiments with linen, madder dye and blood are shown. It turns out that the Shroud’s ‘anomalous’ data are strong consistent evidence that its bloodstains contain acid heme-madder lake, of which the heme derived from cold acid postmortem blood and the madder had been applied to the Shroud at manufacture. It implies that the bloodstains were formed on the Shroud before the still not reproduced body-image was. Several other ‘red-color’ hypotheses for the Shroud’s bloodstains are discussed and dismissed.