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Romagna, G., Allifranchini, E., Bocchietto, E., Todeschi, S., Esposito, M. and Farsalinos, K.E. (2013) Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Vapor Extract on Cultured Mammalian Fibroblasts (ClearStream-LIFE): Comparison with Tobacco Cigarette Smoke. Inhalation Toxicology, 25, 354-361.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Bilateral Pneumonia and Pleural Effusions Subsequent to Electronic Cigarette Use

  AUTHORS: Kendall Moore, Henry Young II, Matthew F. Ryan

  KEYWORDS: Electronic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, Pneumonia, Pleural Effusion, Vaping

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol.3 No.3, September 7, 2015

  ABSTRACT: Electronic nicotine delivery systems also known as electronic cigarettes (or e-cigarettes) are marketed by their manufactures as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes because of potentially reduced delivery of toxins. However, the scientific evidence and the long-term health effects of e-cigarettes are limited. We describe a case of a 43-year-old man who had been smoking electronic cigarettes excessively for three days and presented with acute dyspnea, increased work of breathing and tachycardia. Subsequent chest x-ray revealed bilateral pleural effusions. In addition, the patient had a new oxygen requirement and was thus admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia and bilateral pleural effusions. The case and the potential harmful effects of electronic cigarettes are discussed herein.